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Quebec condo and strata rules: a board reference

A plain-language reference for Quebec condominium and strata boards and managers: which statute governs, who regulates, and how meetings, records, reserve funds, collections, elections and status certificates work. hoa.to supports Canadian communities with jurisdiction-aware defaults and PAD/EFT payments.

Quebec does not have a condominium act. Divided co-ownership is governed by the Civil Code of Québec, which creates the syndicate of co-owners as a legal person and sets the rules for the declaration of co-ownership, the board of directors, the general meeting, the contingency fund and the maintenance log. The declaration of co-ownership (constituting act, by-laws of the immovable and description of the fractions) does the work that CC&Rs and bylaws do elsewhere.

Since 2019 Quebec has been adding detail to the Civil Code framework by regulation. The Regulation establishing various rules concerning divided co-ownership (O.C. 991-2025), published July 30, 2025 and in force August 14, 2025, sets standards for the contingency fund study, the maintenance log and the certificate a seller must give a buyer. Existing syndicates have three years and one day from that date to obtain their first study and establish their log.

Civil Code of Québec, divided co-ownership

The Civil Code chapter on divided co-ownership covers the establishment of co-ownership, the fractions and common portions, the rights and obligations of co-owners, the syndicate and its board of directors, the general meeting of co-owners, the contingency fund and self-insurance fund, the register and documents of the syndicate, and the end of co-ownership. The 2025 regulation implements article 1068.1 (seller's certificate of the syndicate), article 1070.2 (maintenance log) and article 1071 (contingency fund study).

A syndicate of co-owners, as Quebec describes it, exists to preserve the immovable, maintain and administer the common portions, protect the rights of the immovable and the co-ownership, and carry out operations of common interest.

Regulator and where disputes go

Quebec has no condominium tribunal or licensing regulator for syndicates. Disputes about the declaration, decisions of the general meeting or the board, or contributions go to the Quebec courts. Two other regulators matter in practice: the Office québécois de la langue française enforces French-language requirements that apply to the syndicate's documents and notices, and the Commission d'accès à l'information enforces Quebec's private-sector privacy law on the personal information the syndicate holds.

What Quebec boards ask about most

Each topic points to the statute so you can read the current text before acting. Confirm anything consequential with counsel.

General meetings and notice

The general meeting of co-owners adopts the budget, elects the board and decides the matters the Civil Code reserves to it, with different majorities for ordinary decisions and for changes to the declaration. Notice of a meeting, its contents and the day count are governed by the Civil Code and the declaration. Because the Code allows co-owners to ask a court to annul a decision taken irregularly, keep the notice, the agenda, the attendance and the vote count for each meeting.

Register and documents

The syndicate must keep a register available to co-owners containing the names and addresses of co-owners, the minutes of general meetings and board meetings, the resolutions, the declaration of co-ownership, financial statements and budgets, the contracts the syndicate is party to, the contingency fund study and now the maintenance log. Since the 2025 regulation, the form and content of the maintenance log and the way it is kept and reviewed are prescribed.

Contingency fund, contingency fund study and maintenance log

The Civil Code requires the syndicate to maintain a contingency fund for major repairs and replacement of the common portions, and a self-insurance fund to cover the deductible on the syndicate's insurance. Under article 1071 and the 2025 regulation, the board must obtain a contingency fund study every 5 years from a member of one of the designated professional orders, which include engineers and accountants, and the study establishes the amounts needed for the fund to be sufficient.

Under article 1070.2 the syndicate must keep an up-to-date maintenance log (carnet d'entretien), prepared by a member of one of the designated professional orders, containing an inventory of the common portions, the work done and the work to be done on a 25-year schedule. Existing syndicates have three years and one day from August 14, 2025 to establish the log and obtain a first study.

Common expenses and collections

Co-owners contribute to common expenses and to the contingency fund in proportion to the relative value of their fractions as set in the declaration. The syndicate has a legal hypothec on a co-owner's fraction for unpaid common expenses, which must be registered and enforced in the way the Civil Code sets out. Interest and collection costs follow the declaration and the Civil Code.

Board elections and voting

The board of directors is elected by the general meeting under the by-laws of the immovable. Votes at the general meeting are weighted by the relative value of each fraction as set in the declaration. Record the weighted count for every resolution.

Seller's certificate and documents on resale

Under article 1068.1 a person selling a fraction must give the buyer, in due time, a certificate of the syndicate attesting to the condition of the immovable, in the form and with the content the 2025 regulation sets. Quebec's guidance notes the certificate must state the amount of the self-insurance fund and the highest insurance deductible. Quebec has no prescribed status certificate like Ontario's; the notary handling the sale also relies on the register, the declaration, the financial statements and the contingency fund study.

Board checklist for Quebec

Contingency fund study by a designated professional every 5 years; first study and maintenance log in place before the three-year transition ends.
Self-insurance fund established and its amount disclosed in the seller's certificate.
Register complete and available to co-owners, including minutes, contracts, financial statements and the log.
Meeting notices, agendas and weighted vote counts kept for every general meeting.
All owner-facing documents and notices available in French.

Frequently asked questions

Is there a Quebec condominium act?

No. Divided co-ownership is governed by the Civil Code of Québec and, since 2025, by the Regulation establishing various rules concerning divided co-ownership, together with each syndicate's declaration of co-ownership.

How often does a Quebec syndicate need a contingency fund study?

Every 5 years, prepared by a member of one of the professional orders designated in the regulation, under article 1071 of the Civil Code. Existing syndicates have three years and one day from August 14, 2025 to obtain their first study.

What is the maintenance log?

A document required by article 1070.2 of the Civil Code that inventories the common portions and records work done and work planned on a 25-year schedule. It must be established by a member of one of the designated professional orders and kept up to date by the syndicate.

Where do Quebec co-ownership disputes go?

To the Quebec courts. Quebec has no condominium tribunal or authority. Language and privacy obligations are enforced separately by the OQLF and the Commission d'accès à l'information.

Official sources checked

Checked 2026-09-19. Statutes are amended often; always read the current text.

Quick reference table

The rules hoa.to uses as Quebec defaults. Where a value says "per bylaws" or "per statute", the day count comes from your governing documents or the current statute.

Governing statute

Civil Code of Quebec, divided co-ownership (no standalone condo act), plus Bill 16 (2019). CCQ arts. 1038-1109. Governing documents: declaration of co-ownership (constituting act, by-laws of the immovable, description of fractions).

Meetings & notice

Board notice: per bylaws day(s). AGM notice: per statute day(s). General-meeting notice is governed by the CCQ and the declaration of co-ownership; confirm exact day counts with counsel.

Records access

Article 1070: the syndicate keeps a register (owner list, board and general-meeting minutes, financials, declaration, contracts, maintenance logbook, fund studies) that co-owners may consult. Response timing is not fixed by a day count; verify with counsel.

Electronic voting

Permitted. No standalone e-voting statute; whether electronic voting is available depends on the CCQ and the declaration of co-ownership. Verify with counsel.

Reserve / contingency fund

Required: contingency fund study (Bill 16) plus maintenance logbook. Contingency fund mandatory (art. 1071), plus a self-insurance fund (art. 1071.1, in force April 15, 2022). Bill 16 requires a contingency fund study by a qualified independent professional over a 25-year horizon, updated every 5 years, plus a maintenance logbook (carnet d'entretien). Enabling regulation in force August 14, 2025; existing syndicates generally get about 3 years to comply. Verify transition dates with counsel.

Liens & collections

The syndicate has a legal hypothec for unpaid common expenses; verify procedure with counsel. Cost recovery follows the CCQ and the declaration. Surcharging credit cards is not permitted in Quebec (Consumer Protection Act).

Status certificate

Document: information from the register (art. 1070). Quebec has no prescribed status certificate or Form B; the syndicate provides information from its register to the notary on a sale. Verify with counsel.

General guidance only. This is not legal advice. Community-association law varies by jurisdiction and changes often; verify every rule with licensed counsel before relying on it.

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